4/7/2023 0 Comments Pro audio overload recptaclesOnce you add a receptacle outlet (branch circuit extension), the receptacle must be of the grounding (bonding) type and must have its grounding terminal grounded (bonded) to an effective ground-fault current path in accordance with 250.130(C). Note: GFCI protection functions properly on a 2-wire circuit without an equipment grounding (bonding) conductor because the equipment grounding (bonding) conductor serves no role in the operation of the GFCI-protection device.Ī word of caution: permission to replace nongrounding-type receptacles with GFCI-protected grounding-type receptacles doesn’t apply to new receptacle outlets that extend from an existing ungrounded outlet box. A grounding-type receptacle, if GFCI protected and marked “GFCI Protected” and “No Equipment Ground.” A GFCI grounding-type receptacle marked “No Equipment Ground.” Under what condition can a 2-wire receptacle be replaced with a 3-wire receptacle when no ground is available in the box? Where no equipment bonding means exists in the outlet box, nongrounding-type receptacles can be replaced with : 250.130(C) of the 2011 NEC, in that situation, a GFCI outlet should be installed with the ground wire unattached. Figure 1: Demonstration diagram showing a correctly wired outlet, a bootleg ground wired outlet, and a reversed polarity bootleg ground (RPBG) outlet.Īs the illustration shows, a bootleg ground (or false ground) occurs when an ungrounded electrical outlet in an older building or stage has been improperly upgraded to a modern NEMA 5-15 or 5-20 grounded outlet.īecause sound stage, office building, and home wiring installed before 1965 didn’t require a safety ground, there’s no easy way to install a grounded NEMA 5-15 outlet. Standard outlet testing methods fail to reveal one of the most dangerous miswiring situations possible, which I refer to as the “reverse polarity bootleg ground” (RPBG), as seen in Figure 1. Yet while a broken-off ground pin on a power cord is the obvious culprit in most stage (and home) shock situations, many power outlets that appear to be wired correctly when checked with a 3-light outlet tester or even a voltmeter reading between H-N, H-G, and N-G still present a shock hazard. The cause behind most of these guitar-to-microphone shocks appears to be incorrectly wired electrical outlet grounds or damaged extension cords. I’ve also witnessed dozens of ground-fault current events where signal cables interconnecting sound gear plugged into different electrical outlets mysteriously arced, sometimes turning red hot and melting before my eyes. We hope that you'll be so impressed with what can be done that you'll come back and buy some of our other more sophisticated products.I’ve been a pro audio engineer for 40-plus years and a musician for 50-plus years, and during that time, I’ve witnessed hundreds of shock events on performance stages, recording studios, and even factory floors.Ī survey we ran several years ago on ProSoundWeb revealed that 70 percent of the 3,000 musicians who responded had been shocked at least once on stage, some so severely that they were knocked unconscious. We particularly recommend Pro Tools Ultimate or Reaper.Īnd, some of this stuff is free! The O3A Core plugin library provides the essential tools you need to get started. Not all hosts can cope with these plugins yet, mostly because of high channel count requirements. This puts all sorts of magic at your fingertips, including proper panning, visualisation, spatial manipulations, reverb, decoding, video and VR integration and more. Our suite of "O3A" ambisonic studio plugins uses third order ambisonics. The same material can also be played on many different speaker layouts, or headphones, or used as a bed in the Rapture3D Universal gaming/VR engine, with head-tracking if you are using it. Most of our R&D centres around a family of techniques called "Higher Order Ambisonics" (HOA) which can produce 3D audio of a quality far beyond what stereo or conventional surround systems like 5.1 can deliver. Pro Audio Practical High-Resolution 3D Audio Tools For The Studio
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